11/14/2005

Understanding the memory

Someone recently asked me why we only have 47MB of Storage Memory free on our Wizards, and about the same in Program Memory free, when it's advertised to have 128MB of ROM and 64MB of RAM. This is what I was told or figured out. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Windows Mobile 5.0 has a new architecture on how to handle memory, and it's much more similar to a traditional desktop PC instead of how everything was like the PalmPilot when they first came out... Think of your 128MB ROM, currently called Storage Memory, as a hard drive. Think of your 64MB RAM, currently called Program Memory, as, well RAM. Let's look at the ROM. The Windows Mobile 5.0 Operating System, bootloader, radio stack, etc. take up 64MB of ROM space. This area is normally untouchable by the user, since it would leave your entire device dead if that area ever got messed up. This is also the portion of the ROM that gets flashed during a firmware upgrade. So, knowing that, that already leaves only 64MB of ROM free. Now, when you boot up your Windows Mobile 5 device, it'll create some usable files, such as the Registry, PIM databases for Contacts, Tasks, Notifications, Email, etc., and place a bunch of deletable/modifiable files in My Documents, Windows, and the root folders. That finally leaves your device free with about 47MB of ROM. It's still funny to call it ROM, since ROM technically stands for READ-only Memory. But, it is, in fact, rewritable but "non-volatile" and permanent (meaning, it'll retain the data when power is fully cut from it). This remaining memory is good for programs to install in "Main Memory," and for additional data to be stored on the device, such as in the My Documents folder, Internet Explorer Temporary Internet files, Cookies, etc. Now, let's take a look at the RAM. This area is just like your desktop PC. When Windows and other applications load, it'll have resident applications and reserved area in RAM. The registry is also cached in RAM, so that the device won't be bogged down performing slow read/write operations to the slower ROM area. That'll take away from the full 64MB of RAM and leave also about 45MB free for multiple programs to run. When more programs run, they will load into the RAM area, just as it would on a desktop PC. If the power gets cut, the only data lost will be whatever was in RAM. So, your contacts, email, and other databases stay intact. Another good benefit is that your battery life will be utilized MUCH better. If you turn off your Wizard completely (hold down Power button for 5 seconds), all the data in ROM will be retained and you won't drain any additional battery power. Such is not the case on previous iterations of Windows Mobile OS. You couldn't use your battery below 10% on some devices, as it would use that remaining power to retain the RAM that held both your programs and data. People will argue that this method of memory management for both ROM and RAM is slower, since read/write operations to ROM are much slower than RAM. This will be the reason why many Windows Mobile 5.0 devices will show "horrendous" benchmark results versus Windows Mobile 2003 and previous devices that only use RAM for everything. However, like I said previously, pull the battery on a Windows Mobile 2003 device and a 5.0 device, and put it back in, and you'll be thankful that a Windows Mobile 5.0 device won't have to perform a restore or re-ActiveSync just to get the data back (if you even saved it!). So, your memory is used much more differently and the tradeoff is acceptable, wouldn't you think? I hope this explanation is accurate and answers those who had a similar question.

1 Comments:

Anonymous Anonymous said...

BTT: I read your response to my post on Howard Forums (re: QTEK 9100 and 27 Meg free), and I've read the prior memory posts and your excellent Blog, which is why I expected that only 47 Meg out of the 64 Meg advertised would be free for running programs. My question is the fact that out of the 47 Meg available, Its already showing 20 Meg in use. In other words, and I'm leaving storage out of the picture, out of the 64 Megs of RAM advertisied, I can use only 27 Meg. Is this what your K-Jam showed on a clean boot before installing any third party programs?

11/16/2005 04:26:00 PM  

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